// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity 0.8.18;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
     */
    error AddressInsufficientBalance(address account);

    /**
     * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
     */
    error AddressEmptyCode(address target);

    /**
     * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
     */
    error FailedInnerCall();

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        if (address(this).balance < amount) {
            revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
        }

        (bool success,) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        if (!success) {
            revert FailedInnerCall();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, defaultRevert);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with a
     * `customRevert` function as a fallback when `target` reverts.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `customRevert` must be a reverting function.
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, function() internal view customRevert)
        internal
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, customRevert);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, defaultRevert);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with a `customRevert` function as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `customRevert` must be a reverting function.
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        function() internal view customRevert
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        if (address(this).balance < value) {
            revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
        }
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, customRevert);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, defaultRevert);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data, function() internal view customRevert)
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, customRevert);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, defaultRevert);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data, function() internal view customRevert)
        internal
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, customRevert);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided `customRevert`) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        function() internal view customRevert
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                if (target.code.length == 0) {
                    revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
                }
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, customRevert);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or with a default revert error.
     */
    function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, defaultRevert);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-verifyCallResult-bool-bytes-}[`verifyCallResult`], but with a
     * `customRevert` function as a fallback when `success` is `false`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `customRevert` must be a reverting function.
     */
    function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata, function() internal view customRevert)
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, customRevert);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Default reverting function when no `customRevert` is provided in a function call.
     */
    function defaultRevert() internal pure {
        revert FailedInnerCall();
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, function() internal view customRevert) private view {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            customRevert();
            revert FailedInnerCall();
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity 0.8.18;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity 0.8.18;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s)
        external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity 0.8.18;

interface IUSDP {
    function addVault(address _vault) external;
    function removeVault(address _vault) external;
    function mint(address _account, uint256 _amount) external;
    function burn(address _account, uint256 _amount) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import "./IVaultUtils.sol";

interface IVault {
    function isInitialized() external view returns (bool);
    function isSwapEnabled() external view returns (bool);
    function isLeverageEnabled() external view returns (bool);

    function setVaultUtils(IVaultUtils _vaultUtils) external;
    function setError(uint256 _errorCode, string calldata _error) external;

    function router() external view returns (address);
    function usdp() external view returns (address);
    function gov() external view returns (address);

    function whitelistedTokenCount() external view returns (uint256);
    function maxLeverage() external view returns (uint256);

    function minProfitTime() external view returns (uint256);
    function hasDynamicFees() external view returns (bool);
    function fundingInterval() external view returns (uint256);
    function totalTokenWeights() external view returns (uint256);
    function getTargetUsdpAmount(address _token) external view returns (uint256);

    function inManagerMode() external view returns (bool);
    function inPrivateLiquidationMode() external view returns (bool);

    function maxGasPrice() external view returns (uint256);

    function approvedRouters(address _account, address _router) external view returns (bool);
    function isLiquidator(address _account) external view returns (bool);
    function isManager(address _account) external view returns (bool);

    function minProfitBasisPoints(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function tokenBalances(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function lastFundingTimes(address _token) external view returns (uint256);

    function setMaxLeverage(uint256 _maxLeverage) external;
    function setInManagerMode(bool _inManagerMode) external;
    function setManager(address _manager, bool _isManager) external;
    function setIsSwapEnabled(bool _isSwapEnabled) external;
    function setIsLeverageEnabled(bool _isLeverageEnabled) external;
    function setMaxGasPrice(uint256 _maxGasPrice) external;
    function setUsdpAmount(address _token, uint256 _amount) external;
    function setBufferAmount(address _token, uint256 _amount) external;
    function setMaxGlobalShortSize(address _token, uint256 _amount) external;
    function setInPrivateLiquidationMode(bool _inPrivateLiquidationMode) external;
    function setLiquidator(address _liquidator, bool _isActive) external;

    function setFundingRate(uint256 _fundingInterval, uint256 _fundingRateFactor, uint256 _stableFundingRateFactor)
        external;

    function setFees(
        uint256 _taxBasisPoints,
        uint256 _stableTaxBasisPoints,
        uint256 _mintBurnFeeBasisPoints,
        uint256 _swapFeeBasisPoints,
        uint256 _stableSwapFeeBasisPoints,
        uint256 _marginFeeBasisPoints,
        uint256 _liquidationFeeUsd,
        uint256 _minProfitTime,
        bool _hasDynamicFees
    ) external;

    function setTokenConfig(
        address _token,
        uint256 _tokenDecimals,
        uint256 _redemptionBps,
        uint256 _minProfitBps,
        uint256 _maxUsdpAmount,
        bool _isStable,
        bool _isShortable
    ) external;

    function clearTokenConfig(address _token) external;

    function setPriceFeed(address _priceFeed) external;
    function withdrawFees(address _token, address _receiver) external returns (uint256);

    function directPoolDeposit(address _token) external;
    function buyUSDP(address _token, address _receiver) external returns (uint256);
    function sellUSDP(address _token, address _receiver) external returns (uint256);
    function swap(address _tokenIn, address _tokenOut, address _receiver) external returns (uint256);
    function increasePosition(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        uint256 _sizeDelta,
        bool _isLong
    ) external;
    function decreasePosition(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        uint256 _collateralDelta,
        uint256 _sizeDelta,
        bool _isLong,
        address _receiver
    ) external returns (uint256);
    function validateLiquidation(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        bool _isLong,
        bool _raise
    ) external view returns (uint256, uint256);
    function liquidatePosition(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        bool _isLong,
        address _feeReceiver
    ) external;
    function tokenToUsdMin(address _token, uint256 _tokenAmount) external view returns (uint256);

    function priceFeed() external view returns (address);
    function fundingRateFactor() external view returns (uint256);
    function stableFundingRateFactor() external view returns (uint256);
    function cumulativeFundingRates(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function getNextFundingRate(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function getFeeBasisPoints(
        address _token,
        uint256 _usdpDelta,
        uint256 _feeBasisPoints,
        uint256 _taxBasisPoints,
        bool _increment
    ) external view returns (uint256);

    function liquidationFeeUsd() external view returns (uint256);
    function taxBasisPoints() external view returns (uint256);
    function stableTaxBasisPoints() external view returns (uint256);
    function mintBurnFeeBasisPoints() external view returns (uint256);
    function swapFeeBasisPoints() external view returns (uint256);
    function stableSwapFeeBasisPoints() external view returns (uint256);
    function marginFeeBasisPoints() external view returns (uint256);

    function allWhitelistedTokensLength() external view returns (uint256);
    function allWhitelistedTokens(uint256) external view returns (address);
    function whitelistedTokens(address _token) external view returns (bool);
    function stableTokens(address _token) external view returns (bool);
    function shortableTokens(address _token) external view returns (bool);
    function feeReserves(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function globalShortSizes(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function globalShortAveragePrices(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function maxGlobalShortSizes(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function tokenDecimals(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function tokenWeights(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function guaranteedUsd(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function poolAmounts(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function bufferAmounts(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function reservedAmounts(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function usdpAmounts(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function maxUsdpAmounts(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function getRedemptionAmount(address _token, uint256 _usdpAmount) external view returns (uint256);
    function getMaxPrice(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function getMinPrice(address _token) external view returns (uint256);

    function getDelta(
        address _indexToken,
        uint256 _size,
        uint256 _averagePrice,
        bool _isLong,
        uint256 _lastIncreasedTime
    ) external view returns (bool, uint256);
    function getPosition(address _account, address _collateralToken, address _indexToken, bool _isLong)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, bool, uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity 0.8.18;

interface IVaultPriceFeed {
    function adjustmentBasisPoints(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function isAdjustmentAdditive(address _token) external view returns (bool);
    function setAdjustment(address _token, bool _isAdditive, uint256 _adjustmentBps) external;
    function setUseV2Pricing(bool _useV2Pricing) external;
    function setIsAmmEnabled(bool _isEnabled) external;
    function setIsSecondaryPriceEnabled(bool _isEnabled) external;
    function setSpreadBasisPoints(address _token, uint256 _spreadBasisPoints) external;
    function setSpreadThresholdBasisPoints(uint256 _spreadThresholdBasisPoints) external;
    function setFavorPrimaryPrice(bool _favorPrimaryPrice) external;
    function setPriceSampleSpace(uint256 _priceSampleSpace) external;
    function setMaxStrictPriceDeviation(uint256 _maxStrictPriceDeviation) external;
    function getPrice(address _token, bool _maximise, bool _includeAmmPrice, bool _useSwapPricing)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256);
    function getAmmPrice(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function getLatestPrimaryPrice(address _token) external view returns (uint256);
    function getPrimaryPrice(address _token, bool _maximise) external view returns (uint256);
    function setTokenConfig(address _token, address _priceFeed, uint256 _priceDecimals, bool _isStrictStable)
        external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity 0.8.18;

interface IVaultUtils {
    function updateCumulativeFundingRate(address _collateralToken, address _indexToken) external returns (bool);
    function validateIncreasePosition(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        uint256 _sizeDelta,
        bool _isLong
    ) external view;
    function validateDecreasePosition(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        uint256 _collateralDelta,
        uint256 _sizeDelta,
        bool _isLong,
        address _receiver
    ) external view;
    function validateLiquidation(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        bool _isLong,
        bool _raise
    ) external view returns (uint256, uint256);
    function getEntryFundingRate(address _collateralToken, address _indexToken, bool _isLong)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256);
    function getPositionFee(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        bool _isLong,
        uint256 _sizeDelta
    ) external view returns (uint256);
    function getFundingFee(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        bool _isLong,
        uint256 _size,
        uint256 _entryFundingRate
    ) external view returns (uint256);
    function getBuyUsdpFeeBasisPoints(address _token, uint256 _usdpAmount) external view returns (uint256);
    function getSellUsdpFeeBasisPoints(address _token, uint256 _usdpAmount) external view returns (uint256);
    function getSwapFeeBasisPoints(address _tokenIn, address _tokenOut, uint256 _usdpAmount)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256);
    function getFeeBasisPoints(
        address _token,
        uint256 _usdpDelta,
        uint256 _feeBasisPoints,
        uint256 _taxBasisPoints,
        bool _increment
    ) external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity 0.8.18;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    /**
     * @dev Unauthorized reentrant call.
     */
    error ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();

    constructor() {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be _NOT_ENTERED
        if (_status == _ENTERED) {
            revert ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();
        }

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the reentrancy guard is currently set to "entered", which indicates there is a
     * `nonReentrant` function in the call stack.
     */
    function _reentrancyGuardEntered() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _status == _ENTERED;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import {IERC20} from "./IERC20.sol";
import {IERC20Permit} from "./IERC20Permit.sol";
import {Address} from "../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    /**
     * @dev An operation with an ERC20 token failed.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedOperation(address token);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failed `decreaseAllowance` request.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 currentAllowance, uint256 requestedDecrease);

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transfer, (to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transferFrom, (from, to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        forceApprove(token, spender, oldAllowance + value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `requestedDecrease`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 requestedDecrease) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 currentAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            if (currentAllowance < requestedDecrease) {
                revert SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, requestedDecrease);
            }
            forceApprove(token, spender, currentAllowance - requestedDecrease);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
     * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, value));

        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, 0)));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Use a ERC-2612 signature to set the `owner` approval toward `spender` on `token`.
     * Revert on invalid signature.
     */
    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        if (nonceAfter != nonceBefore + 1) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data);
        if (returndata.length != 0 && !abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
        // and not revert is the subcall reverts.

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
        return success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && address(token).code.length > 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import "../libraries/token/IERC20.sol";
import "../libraries/token/SafeERC20.sol";
import "../libraries/utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol";

import "../tokens/interfaces/IUSDP.sol";
import "./interfaces/IVault.sol";
import "./interfaces/IVaultUtils.sol";
import "./interfaces/IVaultPriceFeed.sol";

contract Vault is ReentrancyGuard, IVault {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    struct Position {
        uint256 size;
        uint256 collateral;
        uint256 averagePrice;
        uint256 entryFundingRate;
        uint256 reserveAmount;
        int256 realisedPnl;
        uint256 lastIncreasedTime;
    }

    uint256 public constant BASIS_POINTS_DIVISOR = 10000;
    uint256 public constant FUNDING_RATE_PRECISION = 1000000;
    uint256 public constant PRICE_PRECISION = 10 ** 30;
    uint256 public constant MIN_LEVERAGE = 10000; // 1x
    uint256 public constant USDP_DECIMALS = 18;
    uint256 public constant MAX_FEE_BASIS_POINTS = 500; // 5%
    uint256 public constant MAX_LIQUIDATION_FEE_USD = 100 * PRICE_PRECISION; // 100 USD
    uint256 public constant MIN_FUNDING_RATE_INTERVAL = 1 hours;
    uint256 public constant MAX_FUNDING_RATE_FACTOR = 10000; // 1%

    bool public override isInitialized;
    bool public override isSwapEnabled = true;
    bool public override isLeverageEnabled = true;

    IVaultUtils public vaultUtils;

    address public errorController;

    address public override router;
    address public override priceFeed;

    address public override usdp;
    address public override gov;

    uint256 public override whitelistedTokenCount;

    uint256 public override maxLeverage = 50 * 10000; // 50x

    uint256 public override liquidationFeeUsd;
    uint256 public override taxBasisPoints = 50; // 0.5%
    uint256 public override stableTaxBasisPoints = 20; // 0.2%
    uint256 public override mintBurnFeeBasisPoints = 30; // 0.3%
    uint256 public override swapFeeBasisPoints = 30; // 0.3%
    uint256 public override stableSwapFeeBasisPoints = 4; // 0.04%
    uint256 public override marginFeeBasisPoints = 10; // 0.1%

    uint256 public override minProfitTime;
    bool public override hasDynamicFees = false;

    uint256 public override fundingInterval = 8 hours;
    uint256 public override fundingRateFactor;
    uint256 public override stableFundingRateFactor;
    uint256 public override totalTokenWeights;

    bool public includeAmmPrice = true;
    bool public useSwapPricing = false;

    bool public override inManagerMode = false;
    bool public override inPrivateLiquidationMode = false;

    uint256 public override maxGasPrice;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) public override approvedRouters;
    mapping(address => bool) public override isLiquidator;
    mapping(address => bool) public override isManager;

    address[] public override allWhitelistedTokens;

    mapping(address => bool) public override whitelistedTokens;
    mapping(address => uint256) public override tokenDecimals;
    mapping(address => uint256) public override minProfitBasisPoints;
    mapping(address => bool) public override stableTokens;
    mapping(address => bool) public override shortableTokens;

    // tokenBalances is used only to determine _transferIn values
    mapping(address => uint256) public override tokenBalances;

    // tokenWeights allows customisation of index composition
    mapping(address => uint256) public override tokenWeights;

    // usdpAmounts tracks the amount of USDP debt for each whitelisted token
    mapping(address => uint256) public override usdpAmounts;

    // maxUsdpAmounts allows setting a max amount of USDP debt for a token
    mapping(address => uint256) public override maxUsdpAmounts;

    // poolAmounts tracks the number of received tokens that can be used for leverage
    // this is tracked separately from tokenBalances to exclude funds that are deposited as margin collateral
    mapping(address => uint256) public override poolAmounts;

    // reservedAmounts tracks the number of tokens reserved for open leverage positions
    mapping(address => uint256) public override reservedAmounts;

    // bufferAmounts allows specification of an amount to exclude from swaps
    // this can be used to ensure a certain amount of liquidity is available for leverage positions
    mapping(address => uint256) public override bufferAmounts;

    // guaranteedUsd tracks the amount of USD that is "guaranteed" by opened leverage positions
    // this value is used to calculate the redemption values for selling of USDP
    // this is an estimated amount, it is possible for the actual guaranteed value to be lower
    // in the case of sudden price decreases, the guaranteed value should be corrected
    // after liquidations are carried out
    mapping(address => uint256) public override guaranteedUsd;

    // cumulativeFundingRates tracks the funding rates based on utilization
    mapping(address => uint256) public override cumulativeFundingRates;
    // lastFundingTimes tracks the last time funding was updated for a token
    mapping(address => uint256) public override lastFundingTimes;

    // positions tracks all open positions
    mapping(bytes32 => Position) public positions;

    // feeReserves tracks the amount of fees per token
    mapping(address => uint256) public override feeReserves;

    mapping(address => uint256) public override globalShortSizes;
    mapping(address => uint256) public override globalShortAveragePrices;
    mapping(address => uint256) public override maxGlobalShortSizes;

    mapping(uint256 => string) public errors;

    event BuyUSDP(address account, address token, uint256 tokenAmount, uint256 usdpAmount, uint256 feeBasisPoints);
    event SellUSDP(address account, address token, uint256 usdpAmount, uint256 tokenAmount, uint256 feeBasisPoints);
    event Swap(
        address account,
        address tokenIn,
        address tokenOut,
        uint256 amountIn,
        uint256 amountOut,
        uint256 amountOutAfterFees,
        uint256 feeBasisPoints
    );

    event IncreasePosition(
        bytes32 key,
        address account,
        address collateralToken,
        address indexToken,
        uint256 collateralDelta,
        uint256 sizeDelta,
        bool isLong,
        uint256 price,
        uint256 fee
    );
    event DecreasePosition(
        bytes32 key,
        address account,
        address collateralToken,
        address indexToken,
        uint256 collateralDelta,
        uint256 sizeDelta,
        bool isLong,
        uint256 price,
        uint256 fee
    );
    event LiquidatePosition(
        bytes32 key,
        address account,
        address collateralToken,
        address indexToken,
        bool isLong,
        uint256 size,
        uint256 collateral,
        uint256 reserveAmount,
        int256 realisedPnl,
        uint256 markPrice
    );
    event UpdatePosition(
        bytes32 key,
        uint256 size,
        uint256 collateral,
        uint256 averagePrice,
        uint256 entryFundingRate,
        uint256 reserveAmount,
        int256 realisedPnl,
        uint256 markPrice
    );
    event ClosePosition(
        bytes32 key,
        uint256 size,
        uint256 collateral,
        uint256 averagePrice,
        uint256 entryFundingRate,
        uint256 reserveAmount,
        int256 realisedPnl
    );

    event UpdateFundingRate(address token, uint256 fundingRate);
    event UpdatePnl(bytes32 key, bool hasProfit, uint256 delta);

    event CollectSwapFees(address token, uint256 feeUsd, uint256 feeTokens);
    event CollectMarginFees(address token, uint256 feeUsd, uint256 feeTokens);

    event DirectPoolDeposit(address token, uint256 amount);
    event IncreasePoolAmount(address token, uint256 amount);
    event DecreasePoolAmount(address token, uint256 amount);
    event IncreaseUsdpAmount(address token, uint256 amount);
    event DecreaseUsdpAmount(address token, uint256 amount);
    event IncreaseReservedAmount(address token, uint256 amount);
    event DecreaseReservedAmount(address token, uint256 amount);
    event IncreaseGuaranteedUsd(address token, uint256 amount);
    event DecreaseGuaranteedUsd(address token, uint256 amount);

    // once the parameters are verified to be working correctly,
    // gov should be set to a timelock contract or a governance contract
    constructor() {
        gov = msg.sender;
    }

    function initialize(
        address _router,
        address _usdp,
        address _priceFeed,
        uint256 _liquidationFeeUsd,
        uint256 _fundingRateFactor,
        uint256 _stableFundingRateFactor
    ) external {
        _onlyGov();
        _validate(!isInitialized, 1);
        isInitialized = true;

        router = _router;
        usdp = _usdp;
        priceFeed = _priceFeed;
        liquidationFeeUsd = _liquidationFeeUsd;
        fundingRateFactor = _fundingRateFactor;
        stableFundingRateFactor = _stableFundingRateFactor;
    }

    function setVaultUtils(IVaultUtils _vaultUtils) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        vaultUtils = _vaultUtils;
    }

    function setErrorController(address _errorController) external {
        _onlyGov();
        errorController = _errorController;
    }

    function setError(uint256 _errorCode, string calldata _error) external override {
        require(msg.sender == errorController, "Vault: invalid errorController");
        errors[_errorCode] = _error;
    }

    function allWhitelistedTokensLength() external view override returns (uint256) {
        return allWhitelistedTokens.length;
    }

    function setInManagerMode(bool _inManagerMode) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        inManagerMode = _inManagerMode;
    }

    function setManager(address _manager, bool _isManager) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        isManager[_manager] = _isManager;
    }

    function setInPrivateLiquidationMode(bool _inPrivateLiquidationMode) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        inPrivateLiquidationMode = _inPrivateLiquidationMode;
    }

    function setLiquidator(address _liquidator, bool _isActive) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        isLiquidator[_liquidator] = _isActive;
    }

    function setIsSwapEnabled(bool _isSwapEnabled) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        isSwapEnabled = _isSwapEnabled;
    }

    function setIsLeverageEnabled(bool _isLeverageEnabled) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        isLeverageEnabled = _isLeverageEnabled;
    }

    function setMaxGasPrice(uint256 _maxGasPrice) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        maxGasPrice = _maxGasPrice;
    }

    function setGov(address _gov) external {
        _onlyGov();
        gov = _gov;
    }

    function setPriceFeed(address _priceFeed) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        priceFeed = _priceFeed;
    }

    function setMaxLeverage(uint256 _maxLeverage) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        _validate(_maxLeverage > MIN_LEVERAGE, 2);
        maxLeverage = _maxLeverage;
    }

    function setBufferAmount(address _token, uint256 _amount) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        bufferAmounts[_token] = _amount;
    }

    function setMaxGlobalShortSize(address _token, uint256 _amount) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        maxGlobalShortSizes[_token] = _amount;
    }

    function setFees(
        uint256 _taxBasisPoints,
        uint256 _stableTaxBasisPoints,
        uint256 _mintBurnFeeBasisPoints,
        uint256 _swapFeeBasisPoints,
        uint256 _stableSwapFeeBasisPoints,
        uint256 _marginFeeBasisPoints,
        uint256 _liquidationFeeUsd,
        uint256 _minProfitTime,
        bool _hasDynamicFees
    ) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        _validate(_taxBasisPoints <= MAX_FEE_BASIS_POINTS, 3);
        _validate(_stableTaxBasisPoints <= MAX_FEE_BASIS_POINTS, 4);
        _validate(_mintBurnFeeBasisPoints <= MAX_FEE_BASIS_POINTS, 5);
        _validate(_swapFeeBasisPoints <= MAX_FEE_BASIS_POINTS, 6);
        _validate(_stableSwapFeeBasisPoints <= MAX_FEE_BASIS_POINTS, 7);
        _validate(_marginFeeBasisPoints <= MAX_FEE_BASIS_POINTS, 8);
        _validate(_liquidationFeeUsd <= MAX_LIQUIDATION_FEE_USD, 9);
        taxBasisPoints = _taxBasisPoints;
        stableTaxBasisPoints = _stableTaxBasisPoints;
        mintBurnFeeBasisPoints = _mintBurnFeeBasisPoints;
        swapFeeBasisPoints = _swapFeeBasisPoints;
        stableSwapFeeBasisPoints = _stableSwapFeeBasisPoints;
        marginFeeBasisPoints = _marginFeeBasisPoints;
        liquidationFeeUsd = _liquidationFeeUsd;
        minProfitTime = _minProfitTime;
        hasDynamicFees = _hasDynamicFees;
    }

    function setFundingRate(uint256 _fundingInterval, uint256 _fundingRateFactor, uint256 _stableFundingRateFactor)
        external
        override
    {
        _onlyGov();
        _validate(_fundingInterval >= MIN_FUNDING_RATE_INTERVAL, 10);
        _validate(_fundingRateFactor <= MAX_FUNDING_RATE_FACTOR, 11);
        _validate(_stableFundingRateFactor <= MAX_FUNDING_RATE_FACTOR, 12);
        fundingInterval = _fundingInterval;
        fundingRateFactor = _fundingRateFactor;
        stableFundingRateFactor = _stableFundingRateFactor;
    }

    function setTokenConfig(
        address _token,
        uint256 _tokenDecimals,
        uint256 _tokenWeight,
        uint256 _minProfitBps,
        uint256 _maxUsdpAmount,
        bool _isStable,
        bool _isShortable
    ) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        // increment token count for the first time
        if (!whitelistedTokens[_token]) {
            whitelistedTokenCount = whitelistedTokenCount + 1;
            allWhitelistedTokens.push(_token);
        }

        uint256 _totalTokenWeights = totalTokenWeights;
        _totalTokenWeights = _totalTokenWeights - tokenWeights[_token];

        whitelistedTokens[_token] = true;
        tokenDecimals[_token] = _tokenDecimals;
        tokenWeights[_token] = _tokenWeight;
        minProfitBasisPoints[_token] = _minProfitBps;
        maxUsdpAmounts[_token] = _maxUsdpAmount;
        stableTokens[_token] = _isStable;
        shortableTokens[_token] = _isShortable;

        totalTokenWeights = _totalTokenWeights + _tokenWeight;

        // validate price feed
        getMaxPrice(_token);
    }

    function clearTokenConfig(address _token) external override {
        _onlyGov();
        _validate(whitelistedTokens[_token], 13);
        totalTokenWeights = totalTokenWeights - tokenWeights[_token];
        delete whitelistedTokens[_token];
        delete tokenDecimals[_token];
        delete tokenWeights[_token];
        delete minProfitBasisPoints[_token];
        delete maxUsdpAmounts[_token];
        delete stableTokens[_token];
        delete shortableTokens[_token];
        whitelistedTokenCount = whitelistedTokenCount - 1;
    }

    function withdrawFees(address _token, address _receiver) external override returns (uint256) {
        _onlyGov();
        uint256 amount = feeReserves[_token];
        if (amount == 0) return 0;
        feeReserves[_token] = 0;
        _transferOut(_token, amount, _receiver);
        return amount;
    }

    function addRouter(address _router) external {
        approvedRouters[msg.sender][_router] = true;
    }

    function removeRouter(address _router) external {
        approvedRouters[msg.sender][_router] = false;
    }

    function setUsdpAmount(address _token, uint256 _amount) external override {
        _onlyGov();

        uint256 usdpAmount = usdpAmounts[_token];
        if (_amount > usdpAmount) {
            _increaseUsdpAmount(_token, _amount - usdpAmount);
            return;
        }

        _decreaseUsdpAmount(_token, usdpAmount - _amount);
    }

    // the governance controlling this function should have a timelock
    function upgradeVault(address _newVault, address _token, uint256 _amount) external {
        _onlyGov();
        IERC20(_token).safeTransfer(_newVault, _amount);
    }

    // deposit into the pool without minting USDP tokens
    // useful in allowing the pool to become over-collaterised
    function directPoolDeposit(address _token) external override nonReentrant {
        _validate(whitelistedTokens[_token], 14);
        uint256 tokenAmount = _transferIn(_token);
        _validate(tokenAmount > 0, 15);
        _increasePoolAmount(_token, tokenAmount);
        emit DirectPoolDeposit(_token, tokenAmount);
    }

    function buyUSDP(address _token, address _receiver) external override nonReentrant returns (uint256) {
        _validateManager();
        _validate(whitelistedTokens[_token], 16);
        useSwapPricing = true;

        uint256 tokenAmount = _transferIn(_token);
        _validate(tokenAmount > 0, 17);

        updateCumulativeFundingRate(_token, _token);

        uint256 price = getMinPrice(_token);

        uint256 usdpAmount = (tokenAmount * price) / PRICE_PRECISION;
        usdpAmount = adjustForDecimals(usdpAmount, _token, usdp);
        _validate(usdpAmount > 0, 18);

        uint256 feeBasisPoints = vaultUtils.getBuyUsdpFeeBasisPoints(_token, usdpAmount);
        uint256 amountAfterFees = _collectSwapFees(_token, tokenAmount, feeBasisPoints);
        uint256 mintAmount = (amountAfterFees * price) / PRICE_PRECISION;
        mintAmount = adjustForDecimals(mintAmount, _token, usdp);

        _increaseUsdpAmount(_token, mintAmount);
        _increasePoolAmount(_token, amountAfterFees);

        IUSDP(usdp).mint(_receiver, mintAmount);

        emit BuyUSDP(_receiver, _token, tokenAmount, mintAmount, feeBasisPoints);

        useSwapPricing = false;
        return mintAmount;
    }

    function sellUSDP(address _token, address _receiver) external override nonReentrant returns (uint256) {
        _validateManager();
        _validate(whitelistedTokens[_token], 19);
        useSwapPricing = true;

        uint256 usdpAmount = _transferIn(usdp);
        _validate(usdpAmount > 0, 20);

        updateCumulativeFundingRate(_token, _token);

        uint256 redemptionAmount = getRedemptionAmount(_token, usdpAmount);
        _validate(redemptionAmount > 0, 21);

        _decreaseUsdpAmount(_token, usdpAmount);
        _decreasePoolAmount(_token, redemptionAmount);

        IUSDP(usdp).burn(address(this), usdpAmount);

        // the _transferIn call increased the value of tokenBalances[usdp]
        // usually decreases in token balances are synced by calling _transferOut
        // however, for usdp, the tokens are burnt, so _updateTokenBalance should
        // be manually called to record the decrease in tokens
        _updateTokenBalance(usdp);

        uint256 feeBasisPoints = vaultUtils.getSellUsdpFeeBasisPoints(_token, usdpAmount);
        uint256 amountOut = _collectSwapFees(_token, redemptionAmount, feeBasisPoints);
        _validate(amountOut > 0, 22);

        _transferOut(_token, amountOut, _receiver);

        emit SellUSDP(_receiver, _token, usdpAmount, amountOut, feeBasisPoints);

        useSwapPricing = false;
        return amountOut;
    }

    function swap(address _tokenIn, address _tokenOut, address _receiver)
        external
        override
        nonReentrant
        returns (uint256)
    {
        _validate(isSwapEnabled, 23);
        _validate(whitelistedTokens[_tokenIn], 24);
        _validate(whitelistedTokens[_tokenOut], 25);
        _validate(_tokenIn != _tokenOut, 26);

        useSwapPricing = true;

        updateCumulativeFundingRate(_tokenIn, _tokenIn);
        updateCumulativeFundingRate(_tokenOut, _tokenOut);

        uint256 amountIn = _transferIn(_tokenIn);
        _validate(amountIn > 0, 27);

        uint256 priceIn = getMinPrice(_tokenIn);
        uint256 priceOut = getMaxPrice(_tokenOut);

        uint256 amountOut = (amountIn * priceIn) / priceOut;
        amountOut = adjustForDecimals(amountOut, _tokenIn, _tokenOut);

        // adjust usdpAmounts by the same usdpAmount as debt is shifted between the assets
        uint256 usdpAmount = (amountIn * priceIn) / PRICE_PRECISION;
        usdpAmount = adjustForDecimals(usdpAmount, _tokenIn, usdp);

        uint256 feeBasisPoints = vaultUtils.getSwapFeeBasisPoints(_tokenIn, _tokenOut, usdpAmount);
        uint256 amountOutAfterFees = _collectSwapFees(_tokenOut, amountOut, feeBasisPoints);

        _increaseUsdpAmount(_tokenIn, usdpAmount);
        _decreaseUsdpAmount(_tokenOut, usdpAmount);

        _increasePoolAmount(_tokenIn, amountIn);
        _decreasePoolAmount(_tokenOut, amountOut);

        _validateBufferAmount(_tokenOut);

        _transferOut(_tokenOut, amountOutAfterFees, _receiver);

        emit Swap(_receiver, _tokenIn, _tokenOut, amountIn, amountOut, amountOutAfterFees, feeBasisPoints);

        useSwapPricing = false;
        return amountOutAfterFees;
    }

    function increasePosition(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        uint256 _sizeDelta,
        bool _isLong
    ) external override nonReentrant {
        _validate(isLeverageEnabled, 28);
        _validateGasPrice();
        _validateRouter(_account);
        _validateTokens(_collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong);
        vaultUtils.validateIncreasePosition(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _sizeDelta, _isLong);

        updateCumulativeFundingRate(_collateralToken, _indexToken);

        bytes32 key = getPositionKey(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong);
        Position storage position = positions[key];

        uint256 price = _isLong ? getMaxPrice(_indexToken) : getMinPrice(_indexToken);

        if (position.size == 0) {
            position.averagePrice = price;
        }

        if (position.size > 0 && _sizeDelta > 0) {
            position.averagePrice = getNextAveragePrice(
                _indexToken,
                position.size,
                position.averagePrice,
                _isLong,
                price,
                _sizeDelta,
                position.lastIncreasedTime
            );
        }

        uint256 fee = _collectMarginFees(
            _account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong, _sizeDelta, position.size, position.entryFundingRate
        );
        uint256 collateralDelta = _transferIn(_collateralToken);
        uint256 collateralDeltaUsd = tokenToUsdMin(_collateralToken, collateralDelta);

        position.collateral = position.collateral + collateralDeltaUsd;
        _validate(position.collateral >= fee, 29);

        position.collateral = position.collateral - fee;
        position.entryFundingRate = getEntryFundingRate(_collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong);
        position.size = position.size + _sizeDelta;
        position.lastIncreasedTime = block.timestamp;

        _validate(position.size > 0, 30);
        _validatePosition(position.size, position.collateral);
        validateLiquidation(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong, true);

        // reserve tokens to pay profits on the position
        uint256 reserveDelta = usdToTokenMax(_collateralToken, _sizeDelta);
        position.reserveAmount = position.reserveAmount + reserveDelta;
        _increaseReservedAmount(_collateralToken, reserveDelta);

        if (_isLong) {
            // guaranteedUsd stores the sum of (position.size - position.collateral) for all positions
            // if a fee is charged on the collateral then guaranteedUsd should be increased by that fee amount
            // since (position.size - position.collateral) would have increased by `fee`
            _increaseGuaranteedUsd(_collateralToken, _sizeDelta + fee);
            _decreaseGuaranteedUsd(_collateralToken, collateralDeltaUsd);
            // treat the deposited collateral as part of the pool
            _increasePoolAmount(_collateralToken, collateralDelta);
            // fees need to be deducted from the pool since fees are deducted from position.collateral
            // and collateral is treated as part of the pool
            _decreasePoolAmount(_collateralToken, usdToTokenMin(_collateralToken, fee));
        } else {
            if (globalShortSizes[_indexToken] == 0) {
                globalShortAveragePrices[_indexToken] = price;
            } else {
                globalShortAveragePrices[_indexToken] = getNextGlobalShortAveragePrice(_indexToken, price, _sizeDelta);
            }

            _increaseGlobalShortSize(_indexToken, _sizeDelta);
        }

        emit IncreasePosition(
            key, _account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, collateralDeltaUsd, _sizeDelta, _isLong, price, fee
        );
        emit UpdatePosition(
            key,
            position.size,
            position.collateral,
            position.averagePrice,
            position.entryFundingRate,
            position.reserveAmount,
            position.realisedPnl,
            price
        );
    }

    function decreasePosition(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        uint256 _collateralDelta,
        uint256 _sizeDelta,
        bool _isLong,
        address _receiver
    ) external override nonReentrant returns (uint256) {
        _validateGasPrice();
        _validateRouter(_account);
        return
            _decreasePosition(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _collateralDelta, _sizeDelta, _isLong, _receiver);
    }

    function _decreasePosition(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        uint256 _collateralDelta,
        uint256 _sizeDelta,
        bool _isLong,
        address _receiver
    ) private returns (uint256) {
        vaultUtils.validateDecreasePosition(
            _account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _collateralDelta, _sizeDelta, _isLong, _receiver
        );
        updateCumulativeFundingRate(_collateralToken, _indexToken);

        bytes32 key = getPositionKey(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong);
        Position storage position = positions[key];
        _validate(position.size > 0, 31);
        _validate(position.size >= _sizeDelta, 32);
        _validate(position.collateral >= _collateralDelta, 33);

        uint256 collateral = position.collateral;
        // scrop variables to avoid stack too deep errors
        {
            uint256 reserveDelta = (position.reserveAmount * _sizeDelta) / position.size;
            position.reserveAmount = position.reserveAmount - reserveDelta;
            _decreaseReservedAmount(_collateralToken, reserveDelta);
        }

        (uint256 usdOut, uint256 usdOutAfterFee) =
            _reduceCollateral(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _collateralDelta, _sizeDelta, _isLong);

        if (position.size != _sizeDelta) {
            position.entryFundingRate = getEntryFundingRate(_collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong);
            position.size = position.size - _sizeDelta;

            _validatePosition(position.size, position.collateral);
            validateLiquidation(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong, true);

            if (_isLong) {
                _increaseGuaranteedUsd(_collateralToken, collateral - position.collateral);
                _decreaseGuaranteedUsd(_collateralToken, _sizeDelta);
            }

            uint256 price = _isLong ? getMinPrice(_indexToken) : getMaxPrice(_indexToken);
            emit DecreasePosition(
                key,
                _account,
                _collateralToken,
                _indexToken,
                _collateralDelta,
                _sizeDelta,
                _isLong,
                price,
                usdOut - usdOutAfterFee
            );
            emit UpdatePosition(
                key,
                position.size,
                position.collateral,
                position.averagePrice,
                position.entryFundingRate,
                position.reserveAmount,
                position.realisedPnl,
                price
            );
        } else {
            if (_isLong) {
                _increaseGuaranteedUsd(_collateralToken, collateral);
                _decreaseGuaranteedUsd(_collateralToken, _sizeDelta);
            }

            uint256 price = _isLong ? getMinPrice(_indexToken) : getMaxPrice(_indexToken);
            emit DecreasePosition(
                key,
                _account,
                _collateralToken,
                _indexToken,
                _collateralDelta,
                _sizeDelta,
                _isLong,
                price,
                usdOut - usdOutAfterFee
            );
            emit ClosePosition(
                key,
                position.size,
                position.collateral,
                position.averagePrice,
                position.entryFundingRate,
                position.reserveAmount,
                position.realisedPnl
            );

            delete positions[key];
        }

        if (!_isLong) {
            _decreaseGlobalShortSize(_indexToken, _sizeDelta);
        }

        if (usdOut > 0) {
            if (_isLong) {
                _decreasePoolAmount(_collateralToken, usdToTokenMin(_collateralToken, usdOut));
            }
            uint256 amountOutAfterFees = usdToTokenMin(_collateralToken, usdOutAfterFee);
            _transferOut(_collateralToken, amountOutAfterFees, _receiver);
            return amountOutAfterFees;
        }

        return 0;
    }

    function liquidatePosition(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        bool _isLong,
        address _feeReceiver
    ) external override nonReentrant {
        if (inPrivateLiquidationMode) {
            _validate(isLiquidator[msg.sender], 34);
        }

        // set includeAmmPrice to false to prevent manipulated liquidations
        includeAmmPrice = false;

        updateCumulativeFundingRate(_collateralToken, _indexToken);

        bytes32 key = getPositionKey(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong);
        Position memory position = positions[key];
        _validate(position.size > 0, 35);

        (uint256 liquidationState, uint256 marginFees) =
            validateLiquidation(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong, false);
        _validate(liquidationState != 0, 36);
        if (liquidationState == 2) {
            // max leverage exceeded but there is collateral remaining after deducting losses so decreasePosition instead
            _decreasePosition(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, 0, position.size, _isLong, _account);
            includeAmmPrice = true;
            return;
        }

        uint256 feeTokens = usdToTokenMin(_collateralToken, marginFees);
        feeReserves[_collateralToken] = feeReserves[_collateralToken] + feeTokens;
        emit CollectMarginFees(_collateralToken, marginFees, feeTokens);

        _decreaseReservedAmount(_collateralToken, position.reserveAmount);
        if (_isLong) {
            _decreaseGuaranteedUsd(_collateralToken, position.size - position.collateral);
            _decreasePoolAmount(_collateralToken, usdToTokenMin(_collateralToken, marginFees));
        }

        uint256 markPrice = _isLong ? getMinPrice(_indexToken) : getMaxPrice(_indexToken);
        emit LiquidatePosition(
            key,
            _account,
            _collateralToken,
            _indexToken,
            _isLong,
            position.size,
            position.collateral,
            position.reserveAmount,
            position.realisedPnl,
            markPrice
        );

        if (!_isLong && marginFees < position.collateral) {
            uint256 remainingCollateral = position.collateral - marginFees;
            _increasePoolAmount(_collateralToken, usdToTokenMin(_collateralToken, remainingCollateral));
        }

        if (!_isLong) {
            _decreaseGlobalShortSize(_indexToken, position.size);
        }

        delete positions[key];

        // pay the fee receiver using the pool, we assume that in general the liquidated amount should be sufficient to cover
        // the liquidation fees
        _decreasePoolAmount(_collateralToken, usdToTokenMin(_collateralToken, liquidationFeeUsd));
        _transferOut(_collateralToken, usdToTokenMin(_collateralToken, liquidationFeeUsd), _feeReceiver);

        includeAmmPrice = true;
    }

    // note that if calling this function independently the cumulativeFundingRates used in getFundingFee will not be the latest value
    // validateLiquidation returns (state, fees)
    function validateLiquidation(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        bool _isLong,
        bool _raise
    ) public view override returns (uint256, uint256) {
        return vaultUtils.validateLiquidation(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong, _raise);
    }

    function getMaxPrice(address _token) public view override returns (uint256) {
        return IVaultPriceFeed(priceFeed).getPrice(_token, true, includeAmmPrice, useSwapPricing);
    }

    function getMinPrice(address _token) public view override returns (uint256) {
        return IVaultPriceFeed(priceFeed).getPrice(_token, false, includeAmmPrice, useSwapPricing);
    }

    function getRedemptionAmount(address _token, uint256 _usdpAmount) public view override returns (uint256) {
        uint256 price = getMaxPrice(_token);
        uint256 redemptionAmount = (_usdpAmount * PRICE_PRECISION) / price;
        return adjustForDecimals(redemptionAmount, usdp, _token);
    }

    function getRedemptionCollateral(address _token) public view returns (uint256) {
        if (stableTokens[_token]) {
            return poolAmounts[_token];
        }
        uint256 collateral = usdToTokenMin(_token, guaranteedUsd[_token]);
        return (collateral + poolAmounts[_token]) - reservedAmounts[_token];
    }

    function getRedemptionCollateralUsd(address _token) public view returns (uint256) {
        return tokenToUsdMin(_token, getRedemptionCollateral(_token));
    }

    function adjustForDecimals(uint256 _amount, address _tokenDiv, address _tokenMul) public view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 decimalsDiv = _tokenDiv == usdp ? USDP_DECIMALS : tokenDecimals[_tokenDiv];
        uint256 decimalsMul = _tokenMul == usdp ? USDP_DECIMALS : tokenDecimals[_tokenMul];
        return (_amount * (10 ** decimalsMul)) / (10 ** decimalsDiv);
    }

    function tokenToUsdMin(address _token, uint256 _tokenAmount) public view override returns (uint256) {
        if (_tokenAmount == 0) return 0;
        uint256 price = getMinPrice(_token);
        uint256 decimals = tokenDecimals[_token];
        return (_tokenAmount * price) / (10 ** decimals);
    }

    function usdToTokenMax(address _token, uint256 _usdAmount) public view returns (uint256) {
        if (_usdAmount == 0) return 0;
        return usdToToken(_token, _usdAmount, getMinPrice(_token));
    }

    function usdToTokenMin(address _token, uint256 _usdAmount) public view returns (uint256) {
        if (_usdAmount == 0) return 0;
        return usdToToken(_token, _usdAmount, getMaxPrice(_token));
    }

    function usdToToken(address _token, uint256 _usdAmount, uint256 _price) public view returns (uint256) {
        if (_usdAmount == 0) return 0;
        uint256 decimals = tokenDecimals[_token];
        return (_usdAmount * (10 ** decimals)) / _price;
    }

    function getPosition(address _account, address _collateralToken, address _indexToken, bool _isLong)
        public
        view
        override
        returns (uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, bool, uint256)
    {
        bytes32 key = getPositionKey(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong);
        Position memory position = positions[key];
        uint256 realisedPnl = position.realisedPnl > 0 ? uint256(position.realisedPnl) : uint256(-position.realisedPnl);
        return (
            position.size, // 0
            position.collateral, // 1
            position.averagePrice, // 2
            position.entryFundingRate, // 3
            position.reserveAmount, // 4
            realisedPnl, // 5
            position.realisedPnl >= 0, // 6
            position.lastIncreasedTime // 7
        );
    }

    function getPositionKey(address _account, address _collateralToken, address _indexToken, bool _isLong)
        public
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong));
    }

    function updateCumulativeFundingRate(address _collateralToken, address _indexToken) public {
        bool shouldUpdate = vaultUtils.updateCumulativeFundingRate(_collateralToken, _indexToken);
        if (!shouldUpdate) {
            return;
        }

        if (lastFundingTimes[_collateralToken] == 0) {
            lastFundingTimes[_collateralToken] = (block.timestamp / fundingInterval) * fundingInterval;
            return;
        }

        if (lastFundingTimes[_collateralToken] + fundingInterval > block.timestamp) {
            return;
        }

        uint256 fundingRate = getNextFundingRate(_collateralToken);
        cumulativeFundingRates[_collateralToken] = cumulativeFundingRates[_collateralToken] + fundingRate;
        lastFundingTimes[_collateralToken] = (block.timestamp / fundingInterval) * fundingInterval;

        emit UpdateFundingRate(_collateralToken, cumulativeFundingRates[_collateralToken]);
    }

    function getNextFundingRate(address _token) public view override returns (uint256) {
        if (lastFundingTimes[_token] + fundingInterval > block.timestamp) return 0;

        uint256 intervals = (block.timestamp - lastFundingTimes[_token]) / fundingInterval;
        uint256 poolAmount = poolAmounts[_token];
        if (poolAmount == 0) return 0;

        uint256 _fundingRateFactor = stableTokens[_token] ? stableFundingRateFactor : fundingRateFactor;
        return ((_fundingRateFactor * reservedAmounts[_token]) * (intervals)) / poolAmount;
    }

    function getUtilisation(address _token) public view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 poolAmount = poolAmounts[_token];
        if (poolAmount == 0) return 0;

        return (reservedAmounts[_token] * FUNDING_RATE_PRECISION) / poolAmount;
    }

    function getPositionLeverage(address _account, address _collateralToken, address _indexToken, bool _isLong)
        public
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        bytes32 key = getPositionKey(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong);
        Position memory position = positions[key];
        _validate(position.collateral > 0, 37);
        return (position.size * BASIS_POINTS_DIVISOR) / position.collateral;
    }

    // for longs: nextAveragePrice = (nextPrice * nextSize)/ (nextSize + delta)
    // for shorts: nextAveragePrice = (nextPrice * nextSize) / (nextSize - delta)
    function getNextAveragePrice(
        address _indexToken,
        uint256 _size,
        uint256 _averagePrice,
        bool _isLong,
        uint256 _nextPrice,
        uint256 _sizeDelta,
        uint256 _lastIncreasedTime
    ) public view returns (uint256) {
        (bool hasProfit, uint256 delta) = getDelta(_indexToken, _size, _averagePrice, _isLong, _lastIncreasedTime);
        uint256 nextSize = _size + _sizeDelta;
        uint256 divisor;
        if (_isLong) {
            divisor = hasProfit ? nextSize + delta : nextSize - delta;
        } else {
            divisor = hasProfit ? nextSize - delta : nextSize + delta;
        }
        return (_nextPrice * nextSize) / divisor;
    }

    // for longs: nextAveragePrice = (nextPrice * nextSize)/ (nextSize + delta)
    // for shorts: nextAveragePrice = (nextPrice * nextSize) / (nextSize - delta)
    function getNextGlobalShortAveragePrice(address _indexToken, uint256 _nextPrice, uint256 _sizeDelta)
        public
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        uint256 size = globalShortSizes[_indexToken];
        uint256 averagePrice = globalShortAveragePrices[_indexToken];
        uint256 priceDelta = averagePrice > _nextPrice ? averagePrice - _nextPrice : _nextPrice - averagePrice;
        uint256 delta = (size * priceDelta) / averagePrice;
        bool hasProfit = averagePrice > _nextPrice;

        uint256 nextSize = size + _sizeDelta;
        uint256 divisor = hasProfit ? nextSize - delta : nextSize + delta;

        return (_nextPrice * nextSize) / divisor;
    }

    function getGlobalShortDelta(address _token) public view returns (bool, uint256) {
        uint256 size = globalShortSizes[_token];
        if (size == 0) return (false, 0);

        uint256 nextPrice = getMaxPrice(_token);
        uint256 averagePrice = globalShortAveragePrices[_token];
        uint256 priceDelta = averagePrice > nextPrice ? averagePrice - nextPrice : nextPrice - averagePrice;
        uint256 delta = (size * priceDelta) / averagePrice;
        bool hasProfit = averagePrice > nextPrice;

        return (hasProfit, delta);
    }

    function getPositionDelta(address _account, address _collateralToken, address _indexToken, bool _isLong)
        public
        view
        returns (bool, uint256)
    {
        bytes32 key = getPositionKey(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong);
        Position memory position = positions[key];
        return getDelta(_indexToken, position.size, position.averagePrice, _isLong, position.lastIncreasedTime);
    }

    function getDelta(
        address _indexToken,
        uint256 _size,
        uint256 _averagePrice,
        bool _isLong,
        uint256 _lastIncreasedTime
    ) public view override returns (bool, uint256) {
        _validate(_averagePrice > 0, 38);
        uint256 price = _isLong ? getMinPrice(_indexToken) : getMaxPrice(_indexToken);
        uint256 priceDelta = _averagePrice > price ? _averagePrice - price : price - _averagePrice;
        uint256 delta = (_size * priceDelta) / _averagePrice;

        bool hasProfit;

        if (_isLong) {
            hasProfit = price > _averagePrice;
        } else {
            hasProfit = _averagePrice > price;
        }

        // if the minProfitTime has passed then there will be no min profit threshold
        // the min profit threshold helps to prevent front-running issues
        uint256 minBps = block.timestamp > _lastIncreasedTime + minProfitTime ? 0 : minProfitBasisPoints[_indexToken];
        if (hasProfit && delta * BASIS_POINTS_DIVISOR <= _size * minBps) {
            delta = 0;
        }

        return (hasProfit, delta);
    }

    function getEntryFundingRate(address _collateralToken, address _indexToken, bool _isLong)
        public
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return vaultUtils.getEntryFundingRate(_collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong);
    }

    function getFundingFee(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        bool _isLong,
        uint256 _size,
        uint256 _entryFundingRate
    ) public view returns (uint256) {
        return vaultUtils.getFundingFee(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong, _size, _entryFundingRate);
    }

    function getPositionFee(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        bool _isLong,
        uint256 _sizeDelta
    ) public view returns (uint256) {
        return vaultUtils.getPositionFee(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong, _sizeDelta);
    }

    // cases to consider
    // 1. initialAmount is far from targetAmount, action increases balance slightly => high rebate
    // 2. initialAmount is far from targetAmount, action increases balance largely => high rebate
    // 3. initialAmount is close to targetAmount, action increases balance slightly => low rebate
    // 4. initialAmount is far from targetAmount, action reduces balance slightly => high tax
    // 5. initialAmount is far from targetAmount, action reduces balance largely => high tax
    // 6. initialAmount is close to targetAmount, action reduces balance largely => low tax
    // 7. initialAmount is above targetAmount, nextAmount is below targetAmount and vice versa
    // 8. a large swap should have similar fees as the same trade split into multiple smaller swaps
    function getFeeBasisPoints(
        address _token,
        uint256 _usdpDelta,
        uint256 _feeBasisPoints,
        uint256 _taxBasisPoints,
        bool _increment
    ) public view override returns (uint256) {
        return vaultUtils.getFeeBasisPoints(_token, _usdpDelta, _feeBasisPoints, _taxBasisPoints, _increment);
    }

    function getTargetUsdpAmount(address _token) public view override returns (uint256) {
        uint256 supply = IERC20(usdp).totalSupply();
        if (supply == 0) return 0;
        uint256 weight = tokenWeights[_token];
        return (weight * supply) / totalTokenWeights;
    }

    function _reduceCollateral(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        uint256 _collateralDelta,
        uint256 _sizeDelta,
        bool _isLong
    ) private returns (uint256, uint256) {
        bytes32 key = getPositionKey(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong);
        Position storage position = positions[key];

        uint256 fee = _collectMarginFees(
            _account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong, _sizeDelta, position.size, position.entryFundingRate
        );
        bool hasProfit;
        uint256 adjustedDelta;

        // scope variables to avoid stack too deep errors
        {
            (bool _hasProfit, uint256 delta) =
                getDelta(_indexToken, position.size, position.averagePrice, _isLong, position.lastIncreasedTime);
            hasProfit = _hasProfit;
            // get the proportional change in pnl
            adjustedDelta = (_sizeDelta * delta) / position.size;
        }

        uint256 usdOut;
        // transfer profits out
        if (hasProfit && adjustedDelta > 0) {
            usdOut = adjustedDelta;
            position.realisedPnl = position.realisedPnl + int256(adjustedDelta);

            // pay out realised profits from the pool amount for short positions
            if (!_isLong) {
                uint256 tokenAmount = usdToTokenMin(_collateralToken, adjustedDelta);
                _decreasePoolAmount(_collateralToken, tokenAmount);
            }
        }

        if (!hasProfit && adjustedDelta > 0) {
            position.collateral = position.collateral - adjustedDelta;

            // transfer realised losses to the pool for short positions
            // realised losses for long positions are not transferred here as
            // _increasePoolAmount was already called in increasePosition for longs
            if (!_isLong) {
                uint256 tokenAmount = usdToTokenMin(_collateralToken, adjustedDelta);
                _increasePoolAmount(_collateralToken, tokenAmount);
            }

            position.realisedPnl = position.realisedPnl - int256(adjustedDelta);
        }

        // reduce the position's collateral by _collateralDelta
        // transfer _collateralDelta out
        if (_collateralDelta > 0) {
            usdOut = usdOut + _collateralDelta;
            position.collateral = position.collateral - _collateralDelta;
        }

        // if the position will be closed, then transfer the remaining collateral out
        if (position.size == _sizeDelta) {
            usdOut = usdOut + position.collateral;
            position.collateral = 0;
        }

        // if the usdOut is more than the fee then deduct the fee from the usdOut directly
        // else deduct the fee from the position's collateral
        uint256 usdOutAfterFee = usdOut;
        if (usdOut > fee) {
            usdOutAfterFee = usdOut - fee;
        } else {
            position.collateral = position.collateral - fee;
            if (_isLong) {
                uint256 feeTokens = usdToTokenMin(_collateralToken, fee);
                _decreasePoolAmount(_collateralToken, feeTokens);
            }
        }

        emit UpdatePnl(key, hasProfit, adjustedDelta);

        return (usdOut, usdOutAfterFee);
    }

    function _validatePosition(uint256 _size, uint256 _collateral) private view {
        if (_size == 0) {
            _validate(_collateral == 0, 39);
            return;
        }
        _validate(_size >= _collateral, 40);
    }

    function _validateRouter(address _account) private view {
        if (msg.sender == _account) return;
        if (msg.sender == router) return;
        _validate(approvedRouters[_account][msg.sender], 41);
    }

    function _validateTokens(address _collateralToken, address _indexToken, bool _isLong) private view {
        if (_isLong) {
            _validate(_collateralToken == _indexToken, 42);
            _validate(whitelistedTokens[_collateralToken], 43);
            _validate(!stableTokens[_collateralToken], 44);
            return;
        }

        _validate(whitelistedTokens[_collateralToken], 45);
        _validate(stableTokens[_collateralToken], 46);
        _validate(!stableTokens[_indexToken], 47);
        _validate(shortableTokens[_indexToken], 48);
    }

    function _collectSwapFees(address _token, uint256 _amount, uint256 _feeBasisPoints) private returns (uint256) {
        uint256 afterFeeAmount = (_amount * (BASIS_POINTS_DIVISOR - _feeBasisPoints)) / BASIS_POINTS_DIVISOR;
        uint256 feeAmount = _amount - afterFeeAmount;
        feeReserves[_token] = feeReserves[_token] + feeAmount;
        emit CollectSwapFees(_token, tokenToUsdMin(_token, feeAmount), feeAmount);
        return afterFeeAmount;
    }

    function _collectMarginFees(
        address _account,
        address _collateralToken,
        address _indexToken,
        bool _isLong,
        uint256 _sizeDelta,
        uint256 _size,
        uint256 _entryFundingRate
    ) private returns (uint256) {
        uint256 feeUsd = getPositionFee(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong, _sizeDelta);

        uint256 fundingFee = getFundingFee(_account, _collateralToken, _indexToken, _isLong, _size, _entryFundingRate);
        feeUsd = feeUsd + fundingFee;

        uint256 feeTokens = usdToTokenMin(_collateralToken, feeUsd);
        feeReserves[_collateralToken] = feeReserves[_collateralToken] + feeTokens;

        emit CollectMarginFees(_collateralToken, feeUsd, feeTokens);
        return feeUsd;
    }

    function _transferIn(address _token) private returns (uint256) {
        uint256 prevBalance = tokenBalances[_token];
        uint256 nextBalance = IERC20(_token).balanceOf(address(this));
        tokenBalances[_token] = nextBalance;

        return nextBalance - prevBalance;
    }

    function _transferOut(address _token, uint256 _amount, address _receiver) private {
        IERC20(_token).safeTransfer(_receiver, _amount);
        tokenBalances[_token] = IERC20(_token).balanceOf(address(this));
    }

    function _updateTokenBalance(address _token) private {
        uint256 nextBalance = IERC20(_token).balanceOf(address(this));
        tokenBalances[_token] = nextBalance;
    }

    function _increasePoolAmount(address _token, uint256 _amount) private {
        poolAmounts[_token] = poolAmounts[_token] + _amount;
        uint256 balance = IERC20(_token).balanceOf(address(this));
        _validate(poolAmounts[_token] <= balance, 49);
        emit IncreasePoolAmount(_token, _amount);
    }

    function _decreasePoolAmount(address _token, uint256 _amount) private {
        poolAmounts[_token] = poolAmounts[_token] - _amount;
        _validate(reservedAmounts[_token] <= poolAmounts[_token], 50);
        emit DecreasePoolAmount(_token, _amount);
    }

    function _validateBufferAmount(address _token) private view {
        if (poolAmounts[_token] < bufferAmounts[_token]) {
            revert("Vault: poolAmount < buffer");
        }
    }

    function _increaseUsdpAmount(address _token, uint256 _amount) private {
        usdpAmounts[_token] = usdpAmounts[_token] + _amount;
        uint256 maxUsdpAmount = maxUsdpAmounts[_token];
        if (maxUsdpAmount != 0) {
            _validate(usdpAmounts[_token] <= maxUsdpAmount, 51);
        }
        emit IncreaseUsdpAmount(_token, _amount);
    }

    function _decreaseUsdpAmount(address _token, uint256 _amount) private {
        uint256 value = usdpAmounts[_token];
        // since USDP can be minted using multiple assets
        // it is possible for the USDP debt for a single asset to be less than zero
        // the USDP debt is capped to zero for this case
        if (value <= _amount) {
            usdpAmounts[_token] = 0;
            return;
        }
        usdpAmounts[_token] = value - _amount;
        emit DecreaseUsdpAmount(_token, _amount);
    }

    function _increaseReservedAmount(address _token, uint256 _amount) private {
        reservedAmounts[_token] = reservedAmounts[_token] + _amount;
        _validate(reservedAmounts[_token] <= poolAmounts[_token], 52);
        emit IncreaseReservedAmount(_token, _amount);
    }

    function _decreaseReservedAmount(address _token, uint256 _amount) private {
        reservedAmounts[_token] = reservedAmounts[_token] - _amount;
        emit DecreaseReservedAmount(_token, _amount);
    }

    function _increaseGuaranteedUsd(address _token, uint256 _usdAmount) private {
        guaranteedUsd[_token] = guaranteedUsd[_token] + _usdAmount;
        emit IncreaseGuaranteedUsd(_token, _usdAmount);
    }

    function _decreaseGuaranteedUsd(address _token, uint256 _usdAmount) private {
        guaranteedUsd[_token] = guaranteedUsd[_token] - _usdAmount;
        emit DecreaseGuaranteedUsd(_token, _usdAmount);
    }

    function _increaseGlobalShortSize(address _token, uint256 _amount) internal {
        globalShortSizes[_token] = globalShortSizes[_token] + _amount;

        uint256 maxSize = maxGlobalShortSizes[_token];
        if (maxSize != 0) {
            require(globalShortSizes[_token] <= maxSize, "Vault: max shorts exceeded");
        }
    }

    function _decreaseGlobalShortSize(address _token, uint256 _amount) private {
        uint256 size = globalShortSizes[_token];
        if (_amount > size) {
            globalShortSizes[_token] = 0;
            return;
        }

        globalShortSizes[_token] = size - _amount;
    }

    // we have this validation as a function instead of a modifier to reduce contract size
    function _onlyGov() private view {
        _validate(msg.sender == gov, 53);
    }

    // we have this validation as a function instead of a modifier to reduce contract size
    function _validateManager() private view {
        if (inManagerMode) {
            _validate(isManager[msg.sender], 54);
        }
    }

    // we have this validation as a function instead of a modifier to reduce contract size
    function _validateGasPrice() private view {
        if (maxGasPrice == 0) return;
        _validate(tx.gasprice <= maxGasPrice, 55);
    }

    function _validate(bool _condition, uint256 _errorCode) private view {
        require(_condition, errors[_errorCode]);
    }
}

{
  "compilationTarget": {
    "src/core/Vault.sol": "Vault"
  },
  "evmVersion": "paris",
  "libraries": {},
  "metadata": {
    "bytecodeHash": "ipfs"
  },
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": true,
    "runs": 200
  },
  "remappings": [
    ":@chainlink/contracts/=lib/chainlink/contracts/src/v0.6/",
    ":chainlink/=lib/chainlink/",
    ":ds-test/=lib/forge-std/lib/ds-test/src/",
    ":erc4626-tests/=lib/chainlink/contracts/foundry-lib/openzeppelin-contracts/lib/erc4626-tests/",
    ":forge-std/=lib/forge-std/src/"
  ]
}