// File: @openzeppelin/upgrades/contracts/upgradeability/Proxy.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

/**
 * @title Proxy
 * @dev Implements delegation of calls to other contracts, with proper
 * forwarding of return values and bubbling of failures.
 * It defines a fallback function that delegates all calls to the address
 * returned by the abstract _implementation() internal function.
 */
contract Proxy {
  /**
   * @dev Fallback function.
   * Implemented entirely in `_fallback`.
   */
  function () payable external {
    _fallback();
  }

  /**
   * @return The Address of the implementation.
   */
  function _implementation() internal view returns (address);

  /**
   * @dev Delegates execution to an implementation contract.
   * This is a low level function that doesn't return to its internal call site.
   * It will return to the external caller whatever the implementation returns.
   * @param implementation Address to delegate.
   */
  function _delegate(address implementation) internal {
    assembly {
      // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
      // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
      // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
      calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize)

      // Call the implementation.
      // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
      let result := delegatecall(gas, implementation, 0, calldatasize, 0, 0)

      // Copy the returned data.
      returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize)

      switch result
      // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
      case 0 { revert(0, returndatasize) }
      default { return(0, returndatasize) }
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Function that is run as the first thing in the fallback function.
   * Can be redefined in derived contracts to add functionality.
   * Redefinitions must call super._willFallback().
   */
  function _willFallback() internal {
  }

  /**
   * @dev fallback implementation.
   * Extracted to enable manual triggering.
   */
  function _fallback() internal {
    _willFallback();
    _delegate(_implementation());
  }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/upgrades/contracts/utils/Address.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

/**
 * Utility library of inline functions on addresses
 *
 * Source https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-solidity/v2.1.3/contracts/utils/Address.sol
 * This contract is copied here and renamed from the original to avoid clashes in the compiled artifacts
 * when the user imports a zos-lib contract (that transitively causes this contract to be compiled and added to the
 * build/artifacts folder) as well as the vanilla Address implementation from an openzeppelin version.
 */
library OpenZeppelinUpgradesAddress {
    /**
     * Returns whether the target address is a contract
     * @dev This function will return false if invoked during the constructor of a contract,
     * as the code is not actually created until after the constructor finishes.
     * @param account address of the account to check
     * @return whether the target address is a contract
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        uint256 size;
        // XXX Currently there is no better way to check if there is a contract in an address
        // than to check the size of the code at that address.
        // See https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/a/14016/36603
        // for more details about how this works.
        // TODO Check this again before the Serenity release, because all addresses will be
        // contracts then.
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
        return size > 0;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/upgrades/contracts/upgradeability/BaseUpgradeabilityProxy.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;



/**
 * @title BaseUpgradeabilityProxy
 * @dev This contract implements a proxy that allows to change the
 * implementation address to which it will delegate.
 * Such a change is called an implementation upgrade.
 */
contract BaseUpgradeabilityProxy is Proxy {
  /**
   * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
   * @param implementation Address of the new implementation.
   */
  event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

  /**
   * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
   * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
   * validated in the constructor.
   */
  bytes32 internal constant IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

  /**
   * @dev Returns the current implementation.
   * @return Address of the current implementation
   */
  function _implementation() internal view returns (address impl) {
    bytes32 slot = IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
    assembly {
      impl := sload(slot)
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Upgrades the proxy to a new implementation.
   * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
   */
  function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
    _setImplementation(newImplementation);
    emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Sets the implementation address of the proxy.
   * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
   */
  function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
    require(OpenZeppelinUpgradesAddress.isContract(newImplementation), "Cannot set a proxy implementation to a non-contract address");

    bytes32 slot = IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;

    assembly {
      sstore(slot, newImplementation)
    }
  }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/upgrades/contracts/upgradeability/UpgradeabilityProxy.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;


/**
 * @title UpgradeabilityProxy
 * @dev Extends BaseUpgradeabilityProxy with a constructor for initializing
 * implementation and init data.
 */
contract UpgradeabilityProxy is BaseUpgradeabilityProxy {
  /**
   * @dev Contract constructor.
   * @param _logic Address of the initial implementation.
   * @param _data Data to send as msg.data to the implementation to initialize the proxied contract.
   * It should include the signature and the parameters of the function to be called, as described in
   * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.4.24/abi-spec.html#function-selector-and-argument-encoding.
   * This parameter is optional, if no data is given the initialization call to proxied contract will be skipped.
   */
  constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) public payable {
    assert(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT == bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.implementation')) - 1));
    _setImplementation(_logic);
    if(_data.length > 0) {
      (bool success,) = _logic.delegatecall(_data);
      require(success);
    }
  }  
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Solidity only automatically asserts when dividing by 0
        require(b > 0, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0, errorMessage);
        return a % b;
    }
}

// File: contracts/external/Decimal.sol

/*
    Copyright 2019 dYdX Trading Inc.
    Copyright 2020 Empty Set Squad <emptysetsquad@protonmail.com>

    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/

pragma solidity ^0.5.7;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;


/**
 * @title Decimal
 * @author dYdX
 *
 * Library that defines a fixed-point number with 18 decimal places.
 */
library Decimal {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    // ============ Constants ============

    uint256 constant BASE = 10**18;

    // ============ Structs ============


    struct D256 {
        uint256 value;
    }

    // ============ Static Functions ============

    function zero()
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: 0 });
    }

    function one()
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: BASE });
    }

    function from(
        uint256 a
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: a.mul(BASE) });
    }

    function ratio(
        uint256 a,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: getPartial(a, BASE, b) });
    }

    // ============ Self Functions ============

    function add(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.add(b.mul(BASE)) });
    }

    function sub(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.sub(b.mul(BASE)) });
    }

    function mul(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.mul(b) });
    }

    function div(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.div(b) });
    }

    function pow(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        if (b == 0) {
            return from(1);
        }

        D256 memory temp = D256({ value: self.value });
        for (uint256 i = 1; i < b; i++) {
            temp = mul(temp, self);
        }

        return temp;
    }

    function add(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.add(b.value) });
    }

    function sub(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.sub(b.value) });
    }

    function mul(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: getPartial(self.value, b.value, BASE) });
    }

    function div(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: getPartial(self.value, BASE, b.value) });
    }

    function equals(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return self.value == b.value;
    }

    function greaterThan(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return compareTo(self, b) == 2;
    }

    function lessThan(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return compareTo(self, b) == 0;
    }

    function greaterThanOrEqualTo(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return compareTo(self, b) > 0;
    }

    function lessThanOrEqualTo(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return compareTo(self, b) < 2;
    }

    function isZero(D256 memory self) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return self.value == 0;
    }

    function asUint256(D256 memory self) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return self.value.div(BASE);
    }

    // ============ Core Methods ============

    function getPartial(
        uint256 target,
        uint256 numerator,
        uint256 denominator
    )
    private
    pure
    returns (uint256)
    {
        return target.mul(numerator).div(denominator);
    }

    function compareTo(
        D256 memory a,
        D256 memory b
    )
    private
    pure
    returns (uint256)
    {
        if (a.value == b.value) {
            return 1;
        }
        return a.value > b.value ? 2 : 0;
    }
}

// File: contracts/Constants.sol

/*
    Copyright 2020 Empty Set Squad <emptysetsquad@protonmail.com>
    Copyright 2021 vsdcrew <vsdcrew@protonmail.com>

    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/

pragma solidity ^0.5.16;



library Constants {
    /* Chain */
    uint256 private constant CHAIN_ID = 1; // Mainnet

    /* Bootstrapping */
    uint256 private constant BOOTSTRAPPING_PERIOD = 5;

    /* Oracle */
    address private constant USDC = address(0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48);
    uint256 private constant ORACLE_RESERVE_MINIMUM = 1e22; // 10,000 VSD
    address private constant DAI = address(0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F);

    /* Epoch */
    struct EpochStrategy {
        uint256 offset;
        uint256 start;
        uint256 period;
    }

    uint256 private constant CURRENT_EPOCH_OFFSET = 0;
    uint256 private constant CURRENT_EPOCH_START = 1612324800;
    uint256 private constant CURRENT_EPOCH_PERIOD = 28800;

    /* Governance */
    uint256 private constant GOVERNANCE_PERIOD = 9; // 9 epochs
    uint256 private constant GOVERNANCE_EXPIRATION = 2; // 2 + 1 epochs
    uint256 private constant GOVERNANCE_QUORUM = 10e16; // 10%
    uint256 private constant GOVERNANCE_PROPOSAL_THRESHOLD = 5e15; // 0.5%
    uint256 private constant GOVERNANCE_SUPER_MAJORITY = 66e16; // 66%
    uint256 private constant GOVERNANCE_EMERGENCY_DELAY = 6; // 6 epochs

    /* DAO */
    uint256 private constant ADVANCE_INCENTIVE = 1e20; // 100 VSD
    uint256 private constant DAO_EXIT_LOCKUP_EPOCHS = 15; // 15 epochs fluid

    /* Market */
    uint256 private constant COUPON_EXPIRATION = 30; // 10 days
    uint256 private constant DEBT_RATIO_CAP = 15e16; // 15%

    /* Regulator */
    uint256 private constant COUPON_SUPPLY_CHANGE_LIMIT = 6e16; // 6%
    uint256 private constant SUPPLY_INCREASE_FUND_RATIO = 1500; // 15%
    uint256 private constant SUPPLY_INCREASE_PRICE_THRESHOLD = 105e16; // 1.05
    uint256 private constant SUPPLY_INCREASE_PRICE_TARGET = 105e16; // 1.05
    uint256 private constant SUPPLY_DECREASE_PRICE_THRESHOLD = 95e16; // 0.95
    uint256 private constant SUPPLY_DECREASE_PRICE_TARGET = 95e16; // 0.95

    /* Collateral */
    uint256 private constant REDEMPTION_RATE = 9500; // 95%
    uint256 private constant FUND_DEV_PCT = 70; // 70%
    uint256 private constant COLLATERAL_RATIO = 9000; // 90%

    /* Deployed */
    address private constant TREASURY_ADDRESS = address(0x4b23854ed531f82Dfc9888aF54076aeC5F92DE07);
    address private constant DEV_ADDRESS = address(0x5bC47D40F69962d1a9Db65aC88f4b83537AF5Dc2);
    address private constant MINTER_ADDRESS = address(0x6Ff1DbcF2996D8960E24F16C193EA42853995d32);
    address private constant GOVERNOR = address(0xB64A5630283CCBe0C3cbF887a9f7B9154aEf38c3);

    /**
     * Getters
     */

    function getUsdcAddress() internal pure returns (address) {
        return USDC;
    }

    function getDaiAddress() internal pure returns (address) {
        return DAI;
    }

    function getOracleReserveMinimum() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return ORACLE_RESERVE_MINIMUM;
    }

    function getCurrentEpochStrategy() internal pure returns (EpochStrategy memory) {
        return EpochStrategy({
            offset: CURRENT_EPOCH_OFFSET,
            start: CURRENT_EPOCH_START,
            period: CURRENT_EPOCH_PERIOD
        });
    }

    function getBootstrappingPeriod() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return BOOTSTRAPPING_PERIOD;
    }

    function getGovernancePeriod() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return GOVERNANCE_PERIOD;
    }

    function getGovernanceExpiration() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return GOVERNANCE_EXPIRATION;
    }

    function getGovernanceQuorum() internal pure returns (Decimal.D256 memory) {
        return Decimal.D256({value: GOVERNANCE_QUORUM});
    }

    function getGovernanceProposalThreshold() internal pure returns (Decimal.D256 memory) {
        return Decimal.D256({value: GOVERNANCE_PROPOSAL_THRESHOLD});
    }

    function getGovernanceSuperMajority() internal pure returns (Decimal.D256 memory) {
        return Decimal.D256({value: GOVERNANCE_SUPER_MAJORITY});
    }

    function getGovernanceEmergencyDelay() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return GOVERNANCE_EMERGENCY_DELAY;
    }

    function getAdvanceIncentive() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return ADVANCE_INCENTIVE;
    }

    function getDAOExitLockupEpochs() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return DAO_EXIT_LOCKUP_EPOCHS;
    }

    function getCouponExpiration() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return COUPON_EXPIRATION;
    }

    function getDebtRatioCap() internal pure returns (Decimal.D256 memory) {
        return Decimal.D256({value: DEBT_RATIO_CAP});
    }

    function getCouponSupplyChangeLimit() internal pure returns (Decimal.D256 memory) {
        return Decimal.D256({value: COUPON_SUPPLY_CHANGE_LIMIT});
    }

    function getSupplyIncreaseFundRatio() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return SUPPLY_INCREASE_FUND_RATIO;
    }

    function getSupplyIncreasePriceThreshold() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return SUPPLY_INCREASE_PRICE_THRESHOLD;
    }

    function getSupplyIncreasePriceTarget() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return SUPPLY_INCREASE_PRICE_TARGET;
    }

    function getSupplyDecreasePriceThreshold() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return SUPPLY_DECREASE_PRICE_THRESHOLD;
    }

    function getSupplyDecreasePriceTarget() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return SUPPLY_DECREASE_PRICE_TARGET;
    }

    function getChainId() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return CHAIN_ID;
    }

    function getTreasuryAddress() internal pure returns (address) {
        return TREASURY_ADDRESS;
    }

    function getDevAddress() internal pure returns (address) {
        return DEV_ADDRESS;
    }

    function getMinterAddress() internal pure returns (address) {
        return MINTER_ADDRESS;
    }

    function getFundDevPct() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return FUND_DEV_PCT;
    }

    function getRedemptionRate() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return REDEMPTION_RATE;
    }

    function getGovernor() internal pure returns (address) {
        return GOVERNOR;
    }

    function getCollateralRatio() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return COLLATERAL_RATIO;
    }
}

// File: @uniswap/v2-core/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Pair.sol

pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

interface IUniswapV2Pair {
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);

    function name() external pure returns (string memory);
    function symbol() external pure returns (string memory);
    function decimals() external pure returns (uint8);
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint);
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint);

    function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool);
    function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) external returns (bool);

    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
    function PERMIT_TYPEHASH() external pure returns (bytes32);
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint);

    function permit(address owner, address spender, uint value, uint deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external;

    event Mint(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1);
    event Burn(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1, address indexed to);
    event Swap(
        address indexed sender,
        uint amount0In,
        uint amount1In,
        uint amount0Out,
        uint amount1Out,
        address indexed to
    );
    event Sync(uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1);

    function MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY() external pure returns (uint);
    function factory() external view returns (address);
    function token0() external view returns (address);
    function token1() external view returns (address);
    function getReserves() external view returns (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1, uint32 blockTimestampLast);
    function price0CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
    function price1CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
    function kLast() external view returns (uint);

    function mint(address to) external returns (uint liquidity);
    function burn(address to) external returns (uint amount0, uint amount1);
    function swap(uint amount0Out, uint amount1Out, address to, bytes calldata data) external;
    function skim(address to) external;
    function sync() external;

    function initialize(address, address) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP. Does not include
 * the optional functions; to access them see {ERC20Detailed}.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: contracts/token/IDollar.sol

/*
    Copyright 2020 Empty Set Squad <emptysetsquad@protonmail.com>

    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/

pragma solidity ^0.5.16;



contract IDollar is IERC20 {
    function burn(uint256 amount) public;
    function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) public;
    function mint(address account, uint256 amount) public returns (bool);
}

// File: contracts/oracle/IOracle.sol

/*
    Copyright 2020 Empty Set Squad <emptysetsquad@protonmail.com>

    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/

pragma solidity ^0.5.16;



contract IOracle {
    function capture() public returns (Decimal.D256 memory, bool);
}

// File: contracts/dao/State.sol

/*
    Copyright 2020 Empty Set Squad <emptysetsquad@protonmail.com>
    Copyright 2021 vsdcrew <vsdcrew@protonmail.com>

    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/

pragma solidity ^0.5.16;






contract Account {
    enum Status {
        Frozen,
        Fluid,
        Locked
    }

    struct State {
        uint256 lockedUntil;

        mapping(uint256 => uint256) coupons;
        mapping(address => uint256) couponAllowances;
    }

    struct PoolState {
        uint256 staged;
        uint256 bonded;
        uint256 fluidUntil;
        uint256 rewardDebt;
        uint256 shareDebt;
    }
}

contract Epoch {
    struct Global {
        uint256 start;
        uint256 period;
        uint256 current;
    }

    struct Coupons {
        uint256 outstanding;
        uint256 couponRedeemed;
        uint256 vsdRedeemable;
    }

    struct State {
        uint256 totalDollarSupply;
        Coupons coupons;
    }
}

contract Candidate {
    enum Vote {
        UNDECIDED,
        APPROVE,
        REJECT
    }

    struct VoteInfo {
        Vote vote;
        uint256 bondedVotes;
    }

    struct State {
        uint256 start;
        uint256 period;
        uint256 approve;
        uint256 reject;
        mapping(address => VoteInfo) votes;
        bool initialized;
    }
}

contract Storage {
    struct Provider {
        IDollar dollar;
        IOracle oracle;
    }

    struct Balance {
        uint256 redeemable;
        uint256 clippable;
        uint256 debt;
        uint256 coupons;
    }

    struct PoolInfo {
        uint256 bonded;
        uint256 staged;
        mapping (address => Account.PoolState) accounts;
        uint256 accDollarPerLP; // Accumulated dollar per LP token, times 1e18.
        uint256 accSharePerLP; // Accumulated share per LP token, times 1e18.
        uint256 allocPoint;
        uint256 flags;
    }

    struct State {
        Epoch.Global epoch;
        Balance balance;
        Provider provider;

        /*
         * Global state variable
         */
        uint256 totalAllocPoint;
        uint256 collateralRatio;

        mapping(uint256 => Epoch.State) epochs;
        mapping(uint256 => Candidate.State) candidates;
        mapping(address => Account.State) accounts;

        mapping(address => PoolInfo) pools;
        address[] poolList;

        address[] collateralAssetList;
    }
}

contract State {
    Storage.State _state;
}

// File: contracts/dao/Root.sol

/*
    Copyright 2020 Empty Set Squad <emptysetsquad@protonmail.com>
    Copyright 2021 vsdcrew <vsdcrew@protonmail.com>

    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/

pragma solidity ^0.5.16;







contract Root is State, UpgradeabilityProxy {
    constructor (address implementation, address dollar, address oracle, address[] memory collaterals, address[] memory pools) UpgradeabilityProxy(
        implementation,
        abi.encodeWithSignature("initialize()")
    ) public {
        _state.provider.dollar = IDollar(dollar);
        _state.provider.oracle = IOracle(oracle);

        _state.collateralAssetList = collaterals;
        _state.poolList = pools;
        _state.collateralRatio = Constants.getCollateralRatio();
    }
}

{
  "compilationTarget": {
    "Root.sol": "Root"
  },
  "evmVersion": "istanbul",
  "libraries": {},
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": true,
    "runs": 200
  },
  "remappings": []
}